The Others-Movie Review Essay Example

The Others-Movie Review Paper Nurul Hazwani Bt Hatta M12L THE OTHERS Movie Review The Others is one of the psychological horror movies that impress me with its good story plot and suspense elements. It was written, directed and scored by Spanish director Alejandro Amenabar, starring Nicole Kidman and Christopher Eccleston. It is inspired partly by the 1898 novella The Turn of the Screw. Grace Stewart (Nicole Kidman) is a Catholic mother who lives with her two small children in a remote country house in the British Crown Dependency of Jersey, in the immediate aftermath of World War II. The war was playing vital role in being contributing factor that cause depression in Grace. The stress is the triggering element that cause phychology disorder in her. The children, Anne and Nicholas have an uncommon disease, xeroderma pigmentosa, characterized by photosensitivity, so their lives are structured around a series of complex rules designed to protect them from inadvertent exposure to sunlight. The new arrival of three servants at the house — an aging nanny and servant named Mrs. Bertha Mills ,an elderly gardener named Mr. Edmund Tuttle, and a young mute girl named Lydia — coincides with a number of odd events, and Grace begins to fear that they are not alone. Anne draws pictures of four people: a man, a woman, a boy called Victor, and an old woman, all of whom she says she has seen in the house. A piano is heard from inside a locked room when no one is inside. Grace finds and examines a book of the dead, which shows mourning portraits taken in the 19th century of recently deceased corpses. We will write a custom essay sample on The Others-Movie Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Others-Movie Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Others-Movie Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I was so shocked when the doors which Grace believes to have been closed are found mysteriously ajar. Grace tries hunting down the intruders with a shotgun but cannot find them. She scolds her daughter for believing in ghosts — until she hears them herself. Eventually, convincing herself that something unholy is in the house, she runs out in the fog to get the local priest to bless the house. Meanwhile, the servants, led by Mrs. Mills, are clearly up to something of their own. The gardener buries a headstone under autumn leaves, and Mrs. Mills listens faithfully to Annes allegations against her mother. Outside, Grace loses herself in the heavy fog, but she miraculously discovers her husband Charles who she thought had been killed in the war, and brings him back to the house. Charles is distant during the one day he spends in the house, and Mrs. Mills is heard telling Mr. Tuttle, I do not think he knows where he is. Grace later sees an old woman dressed up like her daughter. Grace says, You are not my daughter! and attacks her. However, she finds that she has actually attacked her daughter instead. Anne refuses to be near her mother afterward, while Grace swears she saw the old woman. Mrs. Mills tells Anne that she too has seen the people, but they cannot yet tell the mother because Grace will not accept what she is not ready for. Charles is stunned when Anne tells him the things her mother did to her. He says he must leave for the front and disappears again. After Charles leaves, Anne continues to see things, including Victors whole family and the old woman. Grace breaks down to Mrs. Mills, who claims that sometimes the world of the dead gets mixed up with the world of the living. At last, I know that actually, it is Grace’s family who is dead, not the intruders. The intruders are the living people who bought the house after the death of Grace’s family. Grace and her children cannot accept the fact that they are dead. Grace may have some mental illness when she killed her children with pillow and then kill herself with a rifle. She was suffering from stress as she was feeling isolated and lonely as her husband didn’t come back from war. I love the suspense element and the twisting plot story. At first, I thought that the intruders are the bad guy, but actually Grace’s family is the one that possess the house and reluctant to leave their mansion even when they are dead. From this story,I learn that it is important to control our emotion and be patient in facing any difficulties in our life to lead a healthy and happy life.

Formatting a Research Paper in MLA Style - Paperell.com

Formatting a Research Paper in MLA Style Formatting a Research Paper in MLA Style Why students are so concerned about formatting of their academic papers? In fact, appropriate formatting, structure, and most important – compliance with requirements of a citation style are the main factors that influence your work’s grade. Following a requested style is a must. If you are not meeting this requirement, your paper automatically loses at least 30% of a grade or even more because this is one of the key things that professors look at when checking students’ works. There are many different styles. One of the most often (abbreviated Ex.), given an Arabic numeral, and a caption. Similarly to illustrations, any caption or label should be included directly below the example. The same one-inch margins are applied as to the standard text.PrintingIf you are required to print your paper, it is best to use the white A4 (8 ½Ã¢â‚¬  by 11†) size of decent quality. Follow your instructor’s preferences regarding single-sided or double-sided printin g.Corrections And Insertions On PrintoutsYou must proofread and correct your research paper thoroughly before you submit it. If you are checking your printout and find an error, re-open the document, make corrections, and print the corrected pages again. Save the changed file. It can be handy to run spelling checkers, but use them with caution – do not rely on them to find all mistakes because a machine can never detect all errors. Besides, they sometimes label correct material as erroneous. In the case if your professor accepts any adjustments in the printed document, make all the necessary corrections neatly, using an ink that fits the color of the main text and make clear statements of what should be corrected. Do not write changes below the affected lines, and do not use the margins. If there is a large number of corrections on any given page, consider revising your document and reprinting the page.Binding A PrintoutPages of a printed research paper may get lost if left u nattached. What does it mean? Try to avoid using plastic folders because most instructors find them a nuisance to checking students’ work. Depending on the instructions given, pages can be secured with a simple clip or a staple.Electronic SubmissionThere are currently no widely accepted standards for electronic submission of research papers. If you were specifically asked to submit an electronic copy of your paper, ask your teacher for detailed guidelines regarding formatting and form of submission. Now you have a general idea of how to write research paper. Hopefully, this article was useful for you and more information on MLA formatting can be found on the Lesley University website.

FramptonHolis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

FramptonHolis - Essay Example Subject to the scope of the exhibition and the limitation of time, the author had to change his plans and stay in Ohio for another day. This introduced an impromptu. He later learnt that the flight that would otherwise have taken him inbound from Minneapolis collided in midair over Staten Island with another aircraft (Frampton 49). The reading introduces the only survivor of the crash, a ten-year-old boy who fell two miles into the streets of Brooklyn (Frampton 49). The author presents the aspect of photography by introducing a newspaper photograph of the survivor, which depicted a broken child, surrounded by ambulance attendants and police, lying on the pavement in front of the Pillar of Fire (Frampton 49). The author related that photograph and the impromptus with Edward Weston where he was wondering just like that many photographers whether Weston tried to kill him or save his life. He claims that many photographers over the past thirty or forty years encountered the same feeling (Frampton 49). The reading relates photography and the survival of the young boy with the aspect of sainthood where he claims that only a few hundred saints remain in the world. The reading notes that the continued refusal to address one to questions about ones work derives the aspect of sainthood. Nevertheless, a few crazy saints like the Mark Rothko, Mechtild von Magdeburg, and Alban Berg, Mechtild exist (Frampton 50). Saints relate with artists and saints are of interest to everyone who seeks to join sainthood while Heresiarchs are chiefly of interest to other heresiarchs (Frampton 50). Furthermore, the reading asserts that if photography has produced a saint, then that saint must be Edward Weston who is a manly and businesslike saint like Ignatius Loyola (Frampton 50). The reading addresses photography by asserting that it is possible to strip painting of everything but its own specification while it would seem impossible to strip the photograph in

Astronomy 101 for 2 year college Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Astronomy 101 for 2 year college - Lab Report Example 5% of them seem to split in two facular points; (h) they disappear simply by fading away in an intergranular space; (i) they never merge with another facular point or with a granule. C. Small dark regions called sunspots. Sunspots are cooler regions on the photosphere. Since they are 1000--1500 K cooler than the rest of the photosphere, they do not emit as much light and appear darker. B. During a total solar eclipse, an exceptional situation occurs, and for a few fleeting seconds, an emission spectrum can be observed. This happens at the very beginning of totality and just after the last bit of photosphere has been covered by the Moon. (Picture 1) For a period of several to perhaps ten seconds the chromosphere is visible as a red arc. (Recall that the chromosphere is a very thin layer just above the photosphere.) Often prominences are seen jutting from the chromosphere. The deep red color of the chromosphere comes from very strong emission in the hydrogen-alpha line at 656 nm. Because the chromosphere is quite rare and hot (with a temperature of about 10,000 K) it shows an emission spectrum in the absence of any light from the much brighter photosphere. Of course, the advance of the Moon soon covers the chromosphere and then the much rarer corona becomes visible as a broad white halo. Within minutes totality reaches completion, the chromosphere reappears on the o pposite side of the Sun followed seconds later by the overwhelming brightness of the photosphere. (Picture 2) Because the chromosphere is so thin, it forms an ideal subject for spectral imaging. A diffraction grating inserted in the light path of a telescope separates the light according to wavelength (just as in your spectrometer). An attached camera will then record the chromosphere imaged in each of the component wavelengths in its emission spectrum. This is the flash spectrum, so-called because of its brief accessibility. B. Because the chromosphere is quite rare and hot (with a temperature of

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 29

Homework - Essay Example The affected age group being mostly children, the analysis is that OM generates indirect costs owing to lost time from school and work creating a significant social burden. A good nurse protocol for otitis media in children aged six to twelve years old should clearly define OM; identify its natural history without antibacterial treatment, measure relative effectiveness of these antibacterial regimens in prevention of clinical failure (Forgie and Zhanel et al., 2009, p. 457). Otitis media is the presence of purulent fluid inside the middle ear, which is associated with symptoms and signs of systemic or acute local illness. It is most prevalent during winter months in children especially six to seven years old and below. Otitis media is commonly seen after a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. It has been especially noted to result from dysfunction of the Eustachian tube preventing the effective drainage of middle ear fluid. The clinician or nurse should be aware that the client has an antecedent event, either an allergy or infection that results in congestion and edema of the mucosa of the middle ear, Eustachian tube, as well as the nasopharynx. Flow of the middle ear secretions is impeded following the Eustachian tubes congestion. This often increases negative pressure further causing fluid to be pulled into the middle ear. Increase in middle ear secretions causes growth of microbial pathogens resulting in otitis media. Treatment protocol in diagnosis and prescription establishes common pathogens as Streptococcus pyrogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, as well as viral infection. Recent studies show that in 6 – 12 year olds infections have increased because of organisms that produce beta-lactamase and bacterial resistance to drugs (Barnett and Klein,

Heat Loss And Payback Time Of Insulation Materials Construction Essay

Heat Loss And Payback Time Of Insulation Materials Construction Essay This is an empirical research on the topic heat loss and payback time of different insulation material. Insulation is one of the commonly used tool and also used as an effective techniques for heat loss prevention. This paper studies the different insulation materials and their comfort ability in preventing heat loss and their payback time period. The paper is analytical in nature and evaluates empirically as to how to measure the heat loss or gain and payback time of different insulation materials for cavity walls and what are the steps that can be taken prevent or control heat loss. Introduction Today, the world is concerned with factors like pollution, energy conservation, CO2 emissions and climate change. Each and every section of human and technical advancement is offset by some form of pollution that can have long term effects on the environment and consequently sustainability of life on Planet Earth. Automobiles, industries, and agriculture are some of the more popular areas of concern. But few are aware of the fact that the construction industry in general and private dwellings in particular plays a much larger role in polluting the environment. This observation can be verified from the figures and statistics as follows. The top twenty polluting countries in terms of CO2 emissions are given below. http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/graph-showing-each-countrys.html It can be seen that the United Kingdom is the eighth most polluting country in the world. But it is far lower in terms of volume when compared to the United States, Japan, and the fast growing economies like India, China, and Russia. The UK also comes in eighth place in terms of per/capita emissions (9.66 tonnes per person). Taking these figures into consideration, the country can be classified as a moderately polluting one. For example, Australias place in terms of total CO2 emissions is sixteen, but its per/capita emission figures stand at 20.58. The United States come second with 19.78. The top polluter, China has only per/capita emissions of 4.58. http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/graph-showing-each-countrys.html While the size of the population is a factor in bringing down per/capita emission figures, the case of Australia and the United States reveal that even countries with lower population levels can be responsible for high levels of emissions. It appears that the construction industry do contribute significantly to emissions. It is estimated that the construction industry in general contribute approximately thirty three percent of total green house gas emissions. (Page 3) http://www.ciob.org.uk/filegrab/TheGreenPerspective.pdf?ref=539 According to another observation, the situation is more serious in case of private dwellings. Most peoples concern about carbon emissions or a carbon footprint centres around gas-guzzling cars or flights. But in reality much of the problem is closer to home, or indeed in the home. Lighting and heating buildings generates 50% of Britains carbon dioxide emissions while the production of building materials accounts for a further 10% http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/feb/28/communities.society In this context, the current study is significant because it is concerned with heat loss effectiveness and the economic (payback period) benefits that home owners derive from having efficient insulati on. In this context, it is important that the construction industry provides technology in the form of insulation that can conserve energy (in terms of heat loss). This paper reviews the benefits of using insulation material in conserving heat loss and also the long term economic benefits that accrue from using such materials. The paper will focus on dwelling construction and not on large scale industrial, office, or housing projects. It is hoped that this study will provide a foundation for further studies in any form of construction with regard to use of insulation materials for energy and heat conservation. Heat loss and payback time is for cavity wall insulation materials(EPS, rockwool, phenolic foam, cork, sheeps wool, polyurethane foam, cellular glass, cellulose)in a semi detached dwelling of 8400 x 5500 mm outer dimension over period of time like from (2001-2010)and for future weather predictions as well like (2020,2030,2040,2050)in various counties of England. It will also take i nto consideration factors like temperature variations across seasons and geographical locations in the United Kingdom. The designing process has a lot to do in controlling heat loss. However, majority of the structures do not have enough system for preventing the loss. Though there are various techniques available in the market to reduce the heat loss, majority of them are not used due to different reasons such as non-reliability. One of the commonly used heat loss prevention technique is insulation. The State and its people are motivated in heat loss savings not only because they can save money, but they can protect the unnecessary loss of resources and energy as well. If proper heat loss prevention technique is applied there can have a great amount of savings. And if the technique used is insulation technique, then the chance o f savings would be high as there are lots of advantages to insulation technique compared to other techniques (Egan, 1975). Before going deep into the concepts of heat loss and insulation technique of prevention of heat loss it is better to have an understanding of the term heat. The term heat can be defined as the interaction between two substances which occurs by virtue of their temperature difference when they communicate (Moss, 1998, p. 2). It is the nature of the heat it is not constant at any place, but it will move from one place to another. However this movement depends on the temperature of that place. The heat can be lost in different ways such as conduction, infiltrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.etc (Parker, 1997). There are different mechanisms to calculate the quantity of heat loss and these techniques also helps in designing such walls which has less quantity of heat loss. The different insulation material used in the walls can cause difference in the quantity of heat loss. This paper conducts a study of heat loss and payback time of different insulation materials for cavity walls. The different techniques are evaluated on the basis of payback time of the technique used. The payback time refers to the return on the investment of the techniques for preventing heat loss. Here the return in the sense both comfort and saving of money are considered. Research Background The heat loss is serious loss as it causes so many problems including financial problems. Though there are different preventive techniques are available for controlling the heat loss, most of them are not able to give expected result. One among such techniques is insulation technique. There are so many drawbacks for insulation techniques also. Therefore there is a relevance and great amount of significance to conduct a research on the topic heat loss and insulation techniques of preventing heat loss. The wrong selection of insulation materials is one of the main reasons for high amount of heat loss. When heat loss is measured it can be seen that the heat lost when one material of insulation is different from quantity of heat lost when another material of insulation is used. Un-insulated walls can also cause serious problems in terms of energy lost and other problems. The purpose of the building or the wall is also has a significant role in selecting the insulation technique. The moisture problem is one of the main factors to be considered. If the moisture problem is high, then insulation cannot do much do in preventing heat loss. The insulation materials should be selected in such a way that, it can ensure a control in moisture and air. Selecting the incorrect kind of insulation technique can increase the moisture problems. The insulation process would be easy and highly efficient, if the flow of air and moisture is properly controlled. The insulation process in such form is highly expensive and therefore it must be done with at most care. The reason is that, if there is no enough return on such insulation, the effort and money would be waste. Therefore each kind of insulation technique should be deeply analyzed in terms of its efficient application and then the selection decision should be made. Research Aim and Objectives This paper will address the topic of heat loss and payback period of different insulation materials. The main intention behind the research is to evaluate how effectively the heat loss can be avoided and how payback period of different insulation material can be calculated using analytical methods. The research is conducted in the context of commercial building where huge investments are made to avoid huge loss. But most of the cases are futile in the sense that either they lack proper insulation material or identifying major causes of heat loss in domestic and commercial environments. This study will explain how to insulate a building and how much insulation is needed including how to measure or calculate heat loss in a building. The specific objectives can be briefed as below: To investigate into how to Measure or Calculate Stop Building Heat Loss To assess and evaluate the various methods of how to measure or calculate heat loss (or gain) in a building To Identifying different building design temperatures how to use a home energy audit or heat loss analysis To assess the payback period of different insulation materials and how they can be perfectly calculated A Literature Review Heat loss is an important concern when considering the huge impact it has on saving energy which is the need of the time. Maintaining a proper temperature in a building consumes a large portion of energy worldwide. A building which is properly sealed, moisture-protected and insulated walls help increase comfort, reduce noise, and save on energy costs. However, there are different insulation materials out there which differs in there qualities especially in the R value which is a measure of thermal resistance of a material, the higher the R value the lower the heat loss. This topic covers information on different insulation materials, their payback periods, influence of weather on them, different climatic conditions in UK and its impact on building insulation materials. Heat loss of insulation materials Insulation slows the rate at which heat is lost to the outdoors. Heat flows in three ways: by conduction, convection and radiation. The main function of insulation is to keep the heat in. To be effective, insulation must be resistant to heat flow, able to fill a space completely and evenly without compacting and durable. How heat loss of insulation materials happens? Exposure to moisture Joints and cracks in the insulation allow water to travel in the insulation Corrosion Insulation that are not rated for the highest temperature of the material being covered Long-term exposure to heat reduces the strength of the insulation material. Insulation that do not should fit snugly all over the wall Using tape to cover gaps or hold insulation How is Heat Lost Heat can be absent in a array of ways. Some of these are calefaction accident by infiltration, losses by advice through floors, ceilings, individual bottle windows, double bottle or artificial covered windows, doors, and calefaction losses by conduction through walls. There are mainly three such a method in which calefaction moves (Murphy, 1976). These are convection, advice and radiation. This accident by agency of conduction can be anticipation of as the alteration of calefaction activity through or aural a solid. This alteration amount varies from actual to material. Heat can also be transferred through a fluid. This is alleged convection. Infiltration heat loss, on the added hand, can be anticipation of in the afterward way (Croy, 1984). Heat is transferred by conduction, convection or radiation, or by a combination of all three. Heat always moves from warmer to colder areas; it seeks a balance. If the interior of an insulated fish hold is colder than the outside air, the fish hold draws heat from the outside. The greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat flows to the colder area. Conduction. By this mode, heat energy is passed through a solid, liquid or gas from molecule to molecule in a material. In order for the heat to be conducted, there should be physical contact between particles and some temperature difference. Therefore, thermal conductivity is the measure of the speed of heat flow passed from particle to particle. The rate of heat flow through a specific material will be influenced by the difference of temperature and by its thermal conductivity. Convection: By this mode, heat is transferred when a heated air/gas or liquid moves from one place to another, carrying its heat with it. The rate of heat flow will depend on the temperature of the moving gas or liquid and on its rate of flow. Radiation: Heat energy is transmitted in the form of light, as infrared radiation or another form of electromagnetic waves. This energy emanates from a hot body and can travel freely only through completely transparent media. The atmosphere, glass and translucent materials pass a significant amount of radiant heat, which can be absorbed when it falls on a surface (e.g. the ships deck surface on a sunny day absorbs radiant heat and becomes hot). It is a well known fact that light-coloured or shiny surfaces reflect more radiant heat than black or dark surfaces, therefore the former will be heated more slowly. A chance for any of the above transfer of heat ends up in heat loss. The Moisture Problem The attendance of damp in the exoteric walls of a architecture reduces the effectiveness of insulation and may in actuality adulterate the framing and structural materials as able-bodied as accord to cruddy stains and affect the buildings appearance. Vapor manual through a actual is agnate to that for calefaction advice through a apparent which was declared earlier. It is dependent on time, apparent area, breath pressures on both abandon of the surface, thickness, and permeability, which is a measurement of a materials ability to address moisture. One blazon of botheration is if abstract forms on walls, floors or beam sections of a building. Here the insulation amount (R) is bargain because air pockets in the insulation actual are now abounding with water. It is this baptize that creates the problem. That is because baptize is a good aqueduct or poor insulator (Argue, 1980) Moisture problems occur when indoor air comes into contact with single window panes or uninsulated walls. Symptoms of moisture indoors Odours, frost and ice on cold surfaces, damp feeling , surface discoloration, staining, texture changes, deformed wood surfaces, wood decay, sweating pipes, water leaks, and dripping, peeling, blistering and cracking paint, crusty, powdery, chipping paint and masonry, and high indoor humidity. Outdoor sources of moisture. Foundation drainage slabs, below grade walls, splash back, Construction details, blocked exterior air circulation are few main sources of the moisture outdoors. Indoor sources of moisture. Occupants, firewood stored, attic, crawl spaces, construction materials, inadequate use of exhaust fans, aquariums and house plants, humidifiers, air conditioners and plumbing leaks. Identification and Prevention of Heat Loss One way in which to appraise a structures accessible calefaction accident is to employ energy audits. Audits are classified into three types, blazon A, B, and C (Shurcliff, 1980). These classes are based on the abyss or acuteness of the audit. The residential sector apropos itself with affairs A audits and chic B audits. Program audits are conducted by able auditors while B audits are commonly mail in blazon audits. The attributes of these audits may be on website audits where one identifies locations in which activity is captivated or lost. There are a variety of methods acclimated in free these locations of calefaction loss. One such method is the use of bittersweet techniques. A key agency in the blockage of calefaction accident is the use of able insulation materials accompanied by actual accession techniques. Thermal insulation is any material, or aggregate of materials, which provides attrition to the flow of calefaction energy (Strother, 1990). Insulation can appear in a array of shapes and material make-ups. It may appear as sheets, rolls, or blankets. It may also be of a part blazon that is caked or destroyed in. The part blazon is usually made up of bottle fiber, bedrock absolute or artificial area the cycle or absolute blazon may be made of bottle cilia or bedrock wool. These abstracts alter in their advantages and disadvantages. 1. Provide adequate insulation levels. Reducing the energy use of a building is usually the single most important thing you can do to reduce the buildings overall environmental impact. Dont substitute a green insulation material for a nongreen material if the change will hurt energy performance. 2. With lower R-value materials, increase insulation thickness. If substituting a green insulation material for a higher-R-value but more environmentally damaging insulation material, design the building to permit greater insulation thickness so that there is no sacrifice in energy performance. 3. Try to avoid HCFC-foamed insulation materials. HCFCs are far less destructive to stratospheric ozone than CFCs, but damaging nonetheless. When it can be done without reducing overall energy performance, avoid all HCFC based insulation, including extruded polystyrene, polyisocyanurate, and spray polyurethane. Expanded polystyrene or rigid fiberglass can be substituted for extruded polystyrene and polyisocyanurate. HFC-blown polyurethane (SuperGreen Foam), CO 2-blown isocyanurate (Icynene), or CO 2-blown polyurethane (Resin Technologies when it becomes available) can be substituted for conventional HCFC-blown polyurethane. 4. With highly conductive framing systems, avoid thermal bridging by installing a layer of insulating sheathing. With steel framing, for example, it does not make sense to design the walls to accommodate thicker or higher-R-value cavity-fill insulation when the steel will dramatically reduce the average wall R-values; instead, minimize the cavity-fill insulation and spend your budget putting insulative sheathing over the framing. 5. Choose high-recycled-content insulation materials. With cavity-fill insulation, cellulose and mineral wool have higher recycled content than fiberglass. Among the different fiberglass products, Schuller Internationals products have the highest post-consumer recycled content. Among extruded polystyrene products, Amofoam is the only one available with recycled content. 6. With built-up roofing systems, install a layer of sheathing between the insulation and the roofing surface so that reroofing is possible without destroying the insulation. 7. When substituting fiber insulation materials for boardstock insulation, consider the impact of using more framing material. Boardstock insulation is selfsupporting, while cavity-fill fiber insulation materials require a framed cavity. Even though the fiber insulation material might be environmentally superior, when you factor in the additional framing resource required, the advantages may not be as great. 8. With most fiber insulation materials, you should install a continuous air barrier between the insulation and the living space to keep fibers out of the indoor air. 9. For chemically sensitive individuals, specify a non-offgassing insulation material, such as the new Miraflex fiberglass from Owens Corning, or Air Krete. As additional testing information becomes available, consider Icynene and Greenwood Cotton insulation for these applications. 10. Choose an insulation contractor who recycles scrap insulation. Batt insulation scraps and Icynene trimmings can be chopped into loose-fill insulation. Reference: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1437.pdf 2.1 Insulation as a technique of heat loss prevention Insulation is extensively used as a tool for heat loss prevention. Insulation can be defined as the act of protecting something by surrounding it with material that reduces or prevents the transmission of sound or heat or electricity There are mainly two types of insulation materials. They are organic materials and inorganic materials. The different organic materials of insulation are polystyrene, polyurethane, phenolic foam, polyethylene foam etc. Different types of inorganic materials are mineral wool, calcium silicate, cellular glass, micro porous silica, magnesia, ceramic fibre, vermiculite and perlite. As the main purpose of insulation is control the heat loss, the insulation materials used must be able to prevent heat loss. Commonly used insulation materials are explained below Calcium silicate This form of insulation material is generally used in surfaces and also in piping. They will not easily get in contact with fire. This material makes use of organic and nonorganic fibre materials. The temperature range is 37.8 °C 648.9 ° Glass The following subdivisions are there in this category. Fibrous: This material has a very good capacity to absorb sound. The temperature covered is -40.0 °C to 37.8 °C. This is also a commonly used insulation material. Cellular This material can be transferred into different shapes. The temperature covered is -267.8 °C to 482.2 °C. The qualities of this material are it can resist number of chemical and it is not combustible. Mineral fiber This material is having high limit with regard to the upper temperature. The higher temperature is 1037.8 °C. This material has a very good capacity to absorb sound . Perlite This material has low contraction and the material last for a long period. The material rough one and shape is designed beforehand. Other materials used are elastomeric, foamed plastic, insulating cementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. Estimated Embodied Energy of Several Insulation Materials It surprises a lot of people to learn that a state-of-the-art, energy-efficient, passive-solar house built today may consume less heating and cooling energy over 30 or even 50 years of operation than was required to build it. This means that if our society wants to continue the impressive gains that have been made over the past 20 years in reducing energy use, we will need to focus attention on embodied energy as well as operating energy. Embodied energy is the energy required to produce and transport materials. If two insulation materials insulate equally well and other manufacturing impacts are comparable, the one with lower embodied energy is environmentally preferable. While the embodied energy of insulation materials is usually quite low compared with the energy a given amount of insulation will save over its lifetime, it is nonetheless important. Embodied energy values for common insulation materials are compared in Table 3. Because these values were obtained from different sou rces and may have been obtained using different assumptions, they should not be considered highly accurate. They do provide useful order-of-magnitude comparisons, though. Just how embodied energy values relate to environmental performance of a product is complicated by the fact that different fuels have different environmental impacts. For this broad comparison, it is reasonable to assume that a Btu of energy used by one industry is roughly comparable in terms of resource use and resultant pollution to a Btu used by another industry. Reusability and Recyclability Most insulation material reaches the end of its life not because it has worn out or has ceased to function properly, but because the building it was installed in is altered or taken down. The most obvious exception to this is commercial roofing. Many built-up roofing systems incorporate both rigid insulation and asphaltic roof surfacing. When re-roofing becomes necessary, the whole roof surface is often removed-insulation and all. The reusability of insulation materials is dependent on how those materials were installed. To facilitate re-roofing without replacing the insulation, Mike Tobin of AFM Corporation recommends installing a layer of sheathing between the insulation and the roofing membrane. If rigid boardstock insulation can be removed without breaking it up, it can often be reused. Performance of reused polyisocyanurate insulation will not be as good as that of new material, both because some of the low-conductivity gases will have escaped and because of nail holes. XPS, EPS , and all fiber insulation materials should not appreciably change in their insulating performance, though dust in fiber insulation materials will make working with the stuff at best disagreeable and at worst hazardous. A new product introduced in 1993, the Big Green Machine, is designed to chop up batt insulation to produce a loose-fill product for insulating attics (see EBN Vol. 3, No. 2). While primarily used by insulation contractors to reuse scraps left over from batt insulation jobs, the machine should also work for reprocessing batts recovered from old buildings during remodeling or demolition. The Big Green Machine can also be used to process waste Icynene insulation; large quantities of which are typically generated during installation. Because of dust and dirt, it is unlikely that any fiber insulation materials could be easily recycled into products other than insulation. Of the foam insulation materials, polystyrene (EPS, XPS) is easier to recycle than polyisocyanurate or polyurethane. Polystyrene is a thermoplastic, meaning that it can be melted and reformed into other products with minimal chemical modification. Polyisocyanurate and polyurethane are thermoset plastics that do not melt; most of the research being done on recycling of these materials is focusing on grinding the insulation and using the resultant powder as an additive in various unrelated materials. Another issue of concern relating to disposal of insulation is the CFC blowing agents that are banked in our existing buildings. A large portion of the CFC blowing agents that have been used in building insulation over the past 20 years have not yet been released into the atmosphere; they are still in the insulation. If studies show that even phasing out new production of CFCs and HCFCs is not enough to stem the ozone depletion that is occurring, there might be pressure to capture and thermally destroy CFCs in foam insulation that is being disposed of. This is already happening to a limited extent with refrigerators that are being recycled by utility companies through demand-side management programs. Increasing the payback time The insulation technique is sued for savings. That is economic saving and giving better result. To ensure insulation technique used is efficient and effective, certain points need to be given due consideration. First of the entire place where insulation is to be effected must be measured including finding out the temperature of that place. Then conduct an estimation of the loss in terms of oil and other items, if the insulation is not conducted. After that a detailed study of different factors including the temperature need to be conducted. Next important aspect is to find out the suitable insulation materials based on the analyses and requirements. After this process is done then directly start to talk about the dealers with regard insulation process and cost involved in it. A comparison of in economic terms if insulation is done and if insulation is not done is to be conducted. The payback time can be increased if the proper selection of insulation material is done. While selecting the insulation material following points must be considered. The selected material is economical Friendly with regard to temperature insulation material must have good qualities Life span of insulation material is long Payback period of different insulation materials vary depends on various factors Here is a list of factors for various well known insulation materials. Durability Durability of building materials, including insulation, is a very important environmental consideration. Clearly, more durable materials are environmentally superior to less durable ones. Most insulation materials will perform very well over lifetimes measured in decades or even centuries. There are exceptions, however, and various factors that affect performance over time. The biggest long-term performance concern with cellulose insulation is possible loss of fire-retardant chemicals. Because borates are water soluble, they can leach out if the insulation gets wet. Some people claim that those chemicals gradually disappear even if the material does not get wet, though these claims have not been substantiated. According to Dan Lea of CIMA, there is a shift within the industry toward ammonium sulfate fire retardants, which actually improve in fire retardancy performance over time. A concern with ammonium sulfate, however, is corrosion of metals in contact with the insulation, particularly with wet-spray applications. Other concerns with loose-fill fiber insulation are settling, displacement as a result of wind, and infestations of rodents. It is also possible that, over many decades, dust and dirt accumulation could reduce the R-value-either by compressing the insulation or by filling air pockets. Insulation materials that rely on reflectivity for their thermal performance are prone to reduced performance as accumulating dust reduces the reflectivity. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has published a number of studies on impact of dust on radiant barrier performance. Rigid foam insulation materials that were produced using low-conductivity blowing agents (CFCs and HCFCs) are prone to R-value drift as the blowing agents leak out of the cell structure and air leaks in. Polyisocyanurate foam comes from the factory with an insulating value over R-8 per inch (RSI/m-55), but that may drop as low as R-5.6 (RSI-39), according to some estimates. Depending on the material (especially the facing), the application, and installation practices, a reduction to R-5.6 per inch might take from several years to a century or more. In some parts of the country, foam insulation materials are also prone to infestation of wood-boring insects, such as carpenter ants. Tunnels and nesting cavities will reduce thermal performance and, with foam-core panels, may affect structural performance as well. To address this concern, EPS manufacturers affiliated with AFM Corporation now incorporate a borate additive into EPS foam-core panels. Reference: http://allweathergreen.com/pdfs/ComparisonofInsulationofProducts.pdf Heat Loss of Insulation materials and the Impact of Weather Heat is transferred from hot areas to cooler areas. So when a building is hot by various mechanisms especially, other energy forms to generate heat, the heat is being transferred to colder areas outside as long as it is warmer inside than out. The heat loss from a dwelling can be divided into two main categories: Fabric heat loss h

Pornography -- An Epidemic? Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Paper

Pornography -- An Epidemic?    The subtopic being examined in this segment of pornography as a whole, is that of violent pornography. In order to understand what is going to be discussed and the examples that will be cited, one must understand the context of violent pornography in relation to Pornography as a whole. But as this section will conclude, it is actually the widespread viewing of pornography as represented through the media, which leads to violent actions.    To begin with, the words violence and pornography must be separated and distinguished between. When these words are used together, one can get the impression that only à ¾hard-coreà ¾ pornography is the issue at hand. But there is a greater evil, and à ¾hard-coreà ¾ is only the finishing element in a long chain of reactions. Rather, the words violent and pornography are going to be à ¾interpretedà ¾ as separate elements; the interpolated meaning now changes. The following discussion will attempt to prove the relation between pornography and the violent reaction it instills in its à ¾victimsà ¾. It is this relation which is far more important, and deadly, than à ¾hard-coreà ¾ is as a singular element.    One of the most important examples, which will be discussed at great length, is that of convicted murderer Ted Bundy, who was electrocuted in February 1989 for the known murders of at least 23 young women. Some figures estimate that number to be as many as 100. Not much was known about the personal life of the man who was 42 when he was put to death, but in a one hour interview that was given by James Dobson, President of Focus on the Family, 16 hours before Bundyà ¾s execution, Bundy revealed,... ... pornography is just expressing ones self; to others, ità ¾s considered an art form. But studies have shown that this à ¾art formà ¾ is the chief cause of many murders and rapes that occur in the United States. And it doesnà ¾t start with à ¾hard-coreà ¾. The early stages of erotica are actually the start.    In conclusion, the question of whether pornography is an epidemic or not is rhetoric. Ità ¾s obvious that it became an epidemic decades ago -- it has simply become entrenched in society. As has been shown in medical professions, the only way to deal with an epidemic is to find a cure which will obliterate the cancer. This situation is no different. Pornography leading to violence in society is a cancer which is growing larger every day. Perhaps without the influence of pornography, society would be just a little less violent.

Public Schools Segregation Essay

I was recently struck by one of the political cartoons in the SacramentoBee newspaper, which presented an image comparison of drinking fountains in two schools. It quickly reminded me of the racist Jim Crow laws from the 1880s-1960s and how racial segregation existed almost everywhere in the United States at that time. However, I realize that this cartoon doesn’t portray the concept of racial segregation with a Jim Crow joke, but it makes a commentary on social segregation among public schools in the United States today. I slowly realized that all American public schools are not the same due to funding. The huge difference exists in the public school system because their funding is associated with local property taxes. If a school is located in an affluent area with wealthier residents who pay high property taxes, schools will receive more funding (School Funding 1). Do you think this system is fair? If I ask affluent parents, they probably would answer that they pay high property taxes, so their money should go straight to nourish public schools in their areas. Meanwhile, if I were to ask parents in low socioeconomic areas, they would say that funds should be distributed from the state and not by the county, which would help in reducing the inequality between schools. Although sharing funds is not fair for many affluent people who pay more taxes, we should encourage state governments to aid the poorer schools more because it helps to reduce poverty and prevent crimes in lower income neighborhoods. The first reason that poorer schools should get more funds is to reduce poverty. People in low-income areas might not get the direct effect from school funding, but in the future, their kids will be benefited greatly. For those in the low income bracket, education can be a legitimate way to help them climb out of poverty. However, in reality, most of these poorer schools today are still not treated equally as their richer counterparts. Lisa Black, Chicago Tribune reporter reviewed the vast difference between two public schools in the Chicago area to illustrate this point. The first school, Taft Elementary School in Lockport can’t offer students any arts, language or technology classes because of the limited budget available. Meanwhile, Rondout Elementary School, near Lake Forest, offers language programs such as Spanish in every grade including kindergarten. Most students use laptops in the class, and they can enjoy band and chorus classes. They can choose to study various art, drama and dance as well (Black 1). If poor children had the same opportunity as their counterparts, imagine the growth it could represent to them educational. If they enjoyed studying, they could move on to obtain higher education by attending to colleges, meaning better-paying jobs. Therefore, funds should be available for all people. Young minds deserve the opportunity to choose the programs that they want to study. They should be able to study art and any other subject, as they desire to, regardless of how much property tax their parents pay. In general, I believe that a good education is the foundation that can pave the way to a better quality of life. Aside from reducing poverty, preventing crimes is another reason that poorer schools should receive more funds. Crimes in lower income areas derive from being unable to sustain a decent living. These types of crimes can be directly connected to a lack of education and opportunity. Geoffrey Wodtke, a sociologist at the University of Michigan, mentions in his article that kids in poor neighborhood have less chance to graduate from high school (Wodtke 1). He also states: Poor neighborhoods are isolated and racially segregated, with none of the quality schools, day care, grocery stores, pharmacies, and parks that can help promote a child’s development and academic achievement; and they are disproportionately smoggy, crime-ridden and dilapidated. All of these factors, the researchers note, have been linked to poor performance in school, often culminating in dropouts. (1) Wodtke claims that poor neighborhoods affect school performance, and this can impact a child’s learning directly. Some children quit the schools because they have no interest in schooling. Dropping out is and having no high school diploma will limit a job opportunities. When they are not qualified for many jobs, they can’t escape the pitfalls of poverty. Therefore, some of them end up finding illegal ways to make money while others affiliate themselves with gangs (Wodtke 2). This is the reason why school is so important, because it is a good place to start children on equal footing educationally with the chance to better themselves in the future. However, schools in low-income areas still need more funds to afford having a variety of programs such as language, art and sports. Schools also need to be able to hire and retain qualified teachers. Moreover, every school should be able to afford sport programs, which is a good physical outlet for youthful energy and encourages good health and teamwork. Art programs should also be available because they provide an outlet to express creativity. A wider variety of activities and educational alternatives can create brighter and more promising futures if given the opportunities. These children can become doctors, football players or artists in the future as long as they get a fair amount of support from the beginning. It’s difficult to change the living environment in poorer neighborhoods, but we can start by improving the school system to reshape the future of that community. Some people think that pouring money into poor schools is wasteful. They believe the reason schools become poorly performing ones is because they are full of under-achieving students who lack interest in the curriculum. Even if some schools get more funds, it will not change anything. It’s like treating symptoms, but not starting at the root of the problem. They believe that the government should provide more funding to schools with higher achieving students who potentially will become successful contributing members of the community. In other words, the state government should invest in the right schools and students. However, I believe this thought to be completely wrong. People who believe this will never know the potential of students in lower-income schools unless they are given a fair and equal opportunity to succeed. If poorer schools receive more funding, they will be able to provide better facilities and a stronger variety in the curriculum. These factors would increase the chances that we see more students grow into productive and successful adults despite coming from lower class surroundings. When every school has the same resources and variety of programs available to their youths, political cartoons like this one will be a thing of the past because the educational system’s inequalities will no longer be a joke. We should call for action on the funding to reform poorer schools because education can help in reducing poverty and crimes in these neighborhoods. Although affluent parents who work harder and pay more property taxes might oppose an idea of distributed funding to poor schools, they should think about economic consequences. If a gap between rich schools and poor schools is still expanding, how can the children of today become responsible adults in the future? If this country is the land of freedom and opportunity for everyone, I should hope that schools would be the first place to start by giving equal opportunities to all children. Poorer schools should receive equal opportunities like those of the children in wealthier communities. Schools should be a sacred place where all children of any social standing are afforded the same opportunities of unlimited educational growth. The more we see children shine in their youth, the more likely they will rise up to become successful in the future and this will help strengthen the future of the United States’ socially and economically.

Book review: 1776 by David McCullough Essay

Thesis statement   The year 1776 was the year of battle for the revolutionary war. Great Britain had abandoned slavery many years ago but the revolutionaries had not stopped up until 1862 when they decided to stop it. Book summary The book talks of the revolution in the good year 1776. It was a year that was well started with the barefoot boys and men who came to the farm and the streets to become an army of provincials. According McCullough (1), the old men and the little boys were playing the fife and drum. After chasing the red cots from Boston, later the rag tag revolutionaries of British subjects who had few guns were chased from New York. The book advocates of the ill clad fundamentals and traitors to the top people who fought the legal government that was composed of 13 colonies. On July that year the continental congress took a step forward to dissolve the relationship with Britain. It was considered to be a dangerous move of fighting the most powerful nation of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   King George was not happy with this and spoke before the parliament to order the revolution to be stopped. The commanders chosen by the king had their own view on this revolution. Lord George German thought that the upheaval had crushed with a critical drive. Edmund Burke was speaking considerably for the pioneers of the revolution but used to term it as their colonies. After 236 years the early part was considered to be a myth and history and the revolution was already forgotten. McCullough (1) emphasizes that the CIA can fight revolutionaries; these are the people who flock behind the populists as Fidel’s and trespass out for Oriented province into Havana. The year 1776 had its Tories who would flee behind the British lines to spy against the Americans and withdraw through the islands of Nova Scotia and common wealth. The black slaves would join the Tories when necessary. Great Britain had abandoned slavery many years ago but the revoluti onaries had not stopped up until 1862 when they decided to stop it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   David McCullough a great story and good record that is an action adventure of a history. He wrote about the myths and stories of the people who would write to the leaders of the nation. However it is believed that the story of David McCullough does not come true. The king, George Washington would always stay brave and straight always as this was a requirement for a leader. Everyone believed in him to lead them in the fights, encouraging and examination of the men in order to learn them. The king was referred as the Virginia gentleman who came after the introduction of the dollar. The English colony or the world power lies on the braveness of this king who introduced the most valuable money in the whole world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However there has been a decline in the nations economy. The revolutionary that took place put the constitution in danger. There was an introduction of a democratic government that was ruled by law and not kings. The formation of a government is the start of having a nation in a country. The king was a brave person and presented his character as symbol that he can solve the problems of the nation. He was elected at the continental congress though he was not sure of his eligibility. The king had a burden of defeat and failures in various areas, people were dead and others were continuing to die. Also he was burdened by the men who could not act on the attack that was heading towards the Delaware River to stop the battle of Brooklyn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The beginning of august came with the rebel siege of Boston and Washington discovered that the available gunpowder was only 10, 000pounds. This was not enough to fight the experienced British army and hired Hessians who were well equipped with better weapons. Cowley & Beevor stressed that, the army had about nine rounds per man and this was not sufficient to beat the British army and hired Hessians. In December 1776 were the difficult moments for most of the men. Washington was tempted when his army became undisciplined and would go away after their period of service was over. He had difficult times of changing the army in the middle of the battle. The congress had given him a command to handle the army but not enough money. This is what made the army to go away very easily in the middle of the battle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fort Washington and his army were defeated in the disastrous Battle of Brooklyn and this led to the loss of New York City. In this battle the continental Army was the only successful withdrawal and this left their enemies surprised that they are defeated but it did not mean that they would win the battles. The army matched with fear towards Philadelphia where two men became frozen to death during the march. General Nathaniel Green suggested wisely of a trail of goods that were to be taken as long as the British navy and the nature of New York arrive at the port. Washington was seen to continue defending facts that could no longer be defended. He was brave and charismatic and would lead the colonies to nationhood but he was not always right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fort Washington surrender on the 16th of November and this was a severe blow to the colonists. It was a big blow to the colonists at the time, Two thousand of the colonists were taken to prison, fifty-nine killed, one hundred and forty six guns were lost to the British and Hessians within hours. However, the loss of fort Washington created a new achievement in that a new heroine known as Molly Corbin. She was the widow of John Corbin who came from Pennsylvania. She was a brave colonial woman who accompanied her husband into the battle and after his death she took his position. She continued loading and firing the cannon until she was shot nearly to have her arm removed. This is when her captors allowed her to go back to her home in Pennsylvania.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story given by McCullough is clearly described with maps and clear descriptions of the forces placement and the landscape. The scene in the battles can be represented by movies of blood, spear and glory. In this book there is good explanation of why Washington crossed the Delaware. The withdrawal from New York was accomplished without losing the army and the war that outnumbered the British and their navy. In order to cross the Delaware, the General with his staff planned to pass above Trenton and New Jersey by three elements of his army. However only one element could succeed in crossing due to the blowing cold wind and snow. The other two elements of flanks would be prevented from crossing by the freezing river.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      On 3rd of August 1776, the soldiers were ordered to prohibit blasphemy. The American values have changed definitely since the troops are now allowed to have an opportunity to attend public workshop. They are also permitted to rest after going through the great fatigue. In future, the General except at the shipyards or on special occasions excuses them from fatigue duty on Sundays. The General cannot be pleased with the foolish and wicked practice of profane cursing and swearing. The officers are expected not have the influence of these practices. Strengths and weakness of the book This book is seen to be an amazing book because it is not exactly a book but an experience. It was designed to instill a feeling of pride among the people who served them. The book does not cover many of the areas that readers expected from his book. Hence more details should have been given about the revolutionary war. To add on the book is not clear because many readers may find themselves not remembering anything about the revolutionary war at the end of the book. The book is seen to be attractive as well as convincing; this is because it is written in an educational approach that makes the reader feel present at the events that are happening. Conclusion   The book is a very detailed account of the American revolutionary war as told by chronicles of the real people who lived through it. The only thing it did not mention a whole lot was the pivotal role Vin diesel played when taking the guns from Ft. Greyskull or the path where George Washington jumped the Delaware River on his wacky big front wheel bike. Work Cited McCullough David, 1776, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005:1-4 Cowley Robert & Beevor Anthony, What ifs? Of American history: Eminent historians Imagine what might have been. USA: Penguin group. 2004. Drake Samuel, the Campaign of Trenton, 1776-1777, Washington DC: Lee & Shepard, 2007:23-30 Dwyer William, the day is ours, November 1776-January 1777, an inside view of the Battles of Trenton and Princeton, New York: Viking press. 1983: 101-156 Wood Gordon. The creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787. New York city: UNC Press. 1998: 1-9

The corrosive impact of globalization on languages essays

The corrosive impact of globalization on languages essays As globalization is gaining momentum in all dimensions such as economies, cultures among countries, it brings along crushing impact in many aspects. Languages are on the list of things that bear the brunt and statistics reveal that every year several languages dissolve. Thus the incipient trend prompts backlash by some conservatives who are gradually becoming apprehensive and appeal to governments to take measures to stave off their distinctions. Analyzing insightfully, I think they make a fuss about it and the protective measures are dispensable. For a start, it is the historical trend that determines the demise of some languages. At one time in history, these languages may have contributed to the progress of society as means of communicating. But recently, they have outlived their usefulness. Few and far between people still use them for communicating. Thus, they are gradually becoming less and less conducive and constructive in facilitating people ¡Ã‚ ¯s lives and pushing society forward. Therefore, these languages are destined to be ruled out of the world stage by the screening system dominated by history which resembles natural selection. Moreover, with some languages petering out, it will add to the conveniences in communication. The language, embodiment of the speaker ¡Ã‚ ¯s ideas, plays an essential role during communication. So on condition that everyone speaks his own language respectively, he will encounter obstruction in getting himself understood. Only if some languages vanish can more people resort to the same language. So as can be seen, the doom of some languages isn ¡Ã‚ ¯t a thing without any merits and doesn ¡Ã‚ ¯t deserve being bombarded. Lastly, taking measures to protect languages that are on the brink of extinction is not a snap. It entails an exorbitant price including money, time and energy which is supposed to be channeled to other deprived fields such as education, environmental protection. And those fields are ...

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 14

History - Essay Example Fundamentally, in the 20th century Russia was an exceedingly subjugated country managed by the Czars. Ruled by feudal tenets of dictatorship, the citizens’ of Russia were terribly oppressed, cold, poor, and starving, in addition they had no authentic course or hope. In essence, Russia had never undergone any open-minded revolutions, which were occurring in other parts of the globe. This made Russia remain as one of the real last remnants of the medieval European-American society. The rebels through acts of rebellion, revolutionist, and terrorism overthrew the Czars government. To start with, the Bolsheviks and Lenin were outside Russia when the revolution took place. Some of them were Russians while others were not Russians. They were socialists and Marxists revolutionaries existing in Europe studying sociology, science, economics, history, and many more from a Marxist viewpoint. The Bolsheviks did not necessitate the removal from power of the Russian government, after the coup, they came in with the intention of putting Marxist hypothesis and ideology to practice. Their major plan was to develop Russia into a social state through social revolution and spread their ideologies to Europe, America and eventually the whole world (Wiesner-Hanks & Wheeler 2007, 67). This portrays a major difference between the French revolution and the Russian revolution. Foreigners played a major role in the Russian revolution while only the French participated in the French revolution. Eventually, the Bolsheviks managed to overthrow the residual powers of Czars authoritarianism in October revolution. They began reforms through establishing legislative assemblies called the Soviets. The same way the French came up with representative units called the constituencies. These soviets consisted of openly elected officials who were in charge of the affaires of the citizens including peasants, soldiers, and workers. To add to that, they

Columbia Space Shuttle Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Columbia Space Shuttle - Case Study Example A completed checklist of parts and function should have been confirmed and reconfirmed by the experts to get a 101% assurance of perfection before set off. There should be ‘no rock left unturned’. Otherwise, there should be no room or space for ambiguity because everything can be calculated closest to precision considering previous projects of similar nature and the perspectives gained by the organizational manpower. In reality, the tragedy should not have happened. Gross negligence is a real management problem and not simple ambiguity. This is because this is a scientific undertaking which follows protocol scientific pattern of doing things. An extensive laboratory test is usually conducted on all materials prior to its employment. Thus, ambiguity cannot be taken as a justification for the tragedy. Though some experts may suppose probable defects on human ability to recognize some extents of risk (Roberto et al, 2006), scientific undertakings like materials for spacecra ft capability to withstand the forces of nature are common engineering prowess. Otherwise, the crew must have been aware of the risk knowing that their mechanics were not perfect and that materials were not perfected accordingly.Conclusion The Columbia space shuttle mishap was the result of gross negligence on scientific pattern protocols. Ambiguities should not have been tolerated considering the extent of a laboratory test on materials before its use, and management should have been firm and through considering the scientific nature of the project.